Information Technology and E-Management Implementation Challenges in Zintan City Health Institutions An Employee Perspective

Abstract

Digital transformation in healthcare requires more than the introduction of information technologies; it also depends on organizational readiness, financial sustainability, technical infrastructure, cybersecurity, and workforce capabilities. This study examined employees’ perceptions of barriers to implementing e-management in selected health institutions in Zintan city, Libya. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was employed using a structured 28-item questionnaire covering four dimensions: administrative, financial, technical, and human-resource barriers. The target population comprised 420 employees across five selected health institutions. Of 175 questionnaires distributed, 150 valid responses were retrieved, representing an effective response rate of 85.7%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cronbach’s alpha. The reported reliability coefficients ranged from 0.785 to 0.842 for the four dimensions, with an overall alpha of 0.865, indicating good internal consistency. Administrative and technical barriers had the highest reported overall means (M = 4.35), followed by human-resource barriers (M = 4.31) and financial barriers (M = 4.19). The highest-rated individual barriers included inadequate maintenance funding (M = 4.76), lack of trust in information-security and cybersecurity measures (M = 4.68), shortage of practical computer and internet skills (M = 4.68), and rapid technological development and software obsolescence (M = 4.64). The findings indicate that e-management implementation requires coordinated organizational planning, sustainable infrastructure and maintenance financing, effective cybersecurity governance, and continuous workforce development. Because the study is descriptive and cross-sectional, the findings should be interpreted as employees perceived barriers rather than causal determinants of implementation failure.